外墙腻子粉裂纹裂缝的产生主要来自“内因”和“外因”两个方面，“内因”方面解决办法主要集中在产品的生产和原材料的技术性能上，“外因”方面相对要复杂些，涉及到建筑结构设计、施工工艺与技术水平、工程质量监督与管理、自然环境状况等多方面。

The occurrence of cracks in exterior wall putty powder mainly comes from two aspects: "internal factors" and "external factors". The solutions for "internal factors" mainly focus on the production of products and the technical performance of raw materials, while the "external factors" are relatively more complex, involving various aspects such as building structure design, construction technology and technical level, engineering quality supervision and management, and natural environmental conditions.

一、聚合物抹面砂浆、水泥类腻子的防裂性，重点在原材料的选择上，选用优质的原材料、充分认识和了解各种原辅材料性质与作用机理，科学配方，选用功能性强的、性能稳定可靠的优质产品，能较好地预防裂缝的产生。

1、 The crack resistance of polymer plastering mortar and cement putty focuses on the selection of raw materials. High quality raw materials are selected, and the properties and mechanisms of various raw and auxiliary materials are fully understood. Scientific formulas are used, and high-quality products with strong functionality, stable and reliable performance are selected to effectively prevent the occurrence of cracks.

二、建筑设计特别是外墙保温构造设计上应严谨，应充分考虑地基沉降、抗震、抗风压、应力释放、环境影响等问题。

2、 Architectural design, especially the exterior wall insulation structure design, should be rigorous and fully consider issues such as foundation settlement, earthquake resistance, wind pressure resistance, stress release, and environmental impact.

三、施工工艺上，为避免抹面砂浆、外墙腻子产生较大的干缩力，每次刮抹均应宜薄不宜厚，抹面砂浆每次刮抹不超过2.5MM层厚，外墙腻子每次刮抹不超过1MM层厚。

3、 In terms of construction technology, in order to avoid significant drying shrinkage caused by plastering mortar and exterior wall putty, each scraping should be thin rather than thick. The plastering mortar should not exceed a layer thickness of 2.5mm each time, and the exterior wall putty should not exceed a layer thickness of 1mm each time.

四、外墙保温层的设计与施工均未考虑到保温层内应力的释放问题，整个墙面从上至下几层、几十层楼高一气呵成，没有设计伸缩缝，一旦产生较大的应力，整个保温层乃抹面砂浆、外墙腻子、涂料层就会不可避免产生裂缝。

4、 The design and construction of the external wall insulation layer did not take into account the issue of stress release inside the insulation layer. The entire wall is several floors from top to bottom, dozens of floors high, and there are no expansion joints designed. Once significant stress is generated, cracks will inevitably occur in the entire insulation layer, including the plastering mortar, external wall putty, and coating layer.

五、干混抹面砂浆、外墙腻子或常用水泥中不宜过量、过多使用聚乙烯醇类、乳胶类等封闭性很强的胶粘剂，此类胶粘剂能迅速成膜和封闭水泥微孔，并加剧水泥产生干缩力，形成“硬壳”现象，与基层形成较大的强度差，即面层强度大大超过基层强度，容易造成龟裂、空鼓、脱落。此外，水泥砂浆微孔一旦被完全封闭，这不仅会影响水泥充分水化、而且会使水泥砂浆丧失“自由呼吸”和自养护功能，墙体中不良成份不能随水份通过微细孔淅出，墙体使用寿命就会较差。

5、 Excessive use of strong sealing adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol and latex should not be used in dry mix mortar, exterior wall putty, or commonly used cement. These adhesives can quickly form a film and seal cement micropores, exacerbate the drying shrinkage force of cement, form a "hard shell" phenomenon, and form a significant strength difference with the base layer. That is, the strength of the surface layer greatly exceeds the strength of the base layer, which is prone to cracking, hollowing, and peeling. In addition, once the micropores of cement mortar are completely sealed, it will not only affect the full hydration of cement, but also cause the cement mortar to lose its "free breathing" and self curing function. Poor components in the wall cannot be separated with water through the micro pores, and the service life of the wall will be poor.

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