In plastering engineering, the construction process of plastering mortar on the surface of the base material, which has the functions of protecting the base and increasing the aesthetics and providing special functions for the building, is called plastering engineering. The plastering project has two main functions: one is to protect the wall from the erosion of wind, rain and snow, to increase the ability of moisture-proof, weatherproof and heat insulation of the wall, to improve the durability and thermal performance of the wall; the other is to beautify the function and to improve the indoor sanitation conditions.

　　净化空气，美化环境，提高居住舒适度。抹灰工程通常分一般抹灰和装饰抹灰两大类抹灰砂浆的种类根据抹灰砂浆功能的不同，抹灰砂浆分为一般抹灰砂浆、装饰抹灰砂浆和特种抹灰砂浆。根据生产方式的不同，分为现场拌制抹灰砂浆和预拌抹灰砂浆。

　　Purify the air, beautify the environment and improve living comfort. Plastering engineering is usually divided into general plastering and decorative plastering. According to the different functions of plastering mortar, plastering mortar can be divided into general plastering mortar, decorative plastering mortar and special plastering mortar. According to the different production methods, it can be divided into field mixing plastering mortar and ready mixing plastering mortar.

　　抹灰砂浆的组成材料胶凝材料，常用的胶凝材料有水泥、石灰、聚合物、建筑石膏等。水泥，通用硅酸盐水泥均可以用来配制砂浆，水泥品种的选择与砂浆的用途有关。通常对抹灰砂浆的强度要求并不很高，一般采用中等强度等级的水泥就能够满足要求.抹灰砂浆强度不宜超过基体材料强度两个强度等级.粘贴饰面砖的内外墙，中层抹灰砂浆的强度不低于M15，且优先选用水泥抹灰砂浆。堵塞门窗口边缝及脚手眼、孔洞堵缝，窗台、阳台抹面宜采用M15, M2D水泥砂浆，水泥砂浆采用的水泥强度等级不宜大于32. 5级;水泥混合砂浆采用的水泥强度等级不宜大于42. 5级。如果水泥强度等级过高，会产生收缩裂缝，可适当掺人掺加料避免裂缝的产牛。

　　Cementitious materials are the components of plastering mortar. The commonly used cementitious materials are cement, lime, polymer, building gypsum and so on. Cement and general Portland cement can be used to prepare mortar. The choice of cement varieties is related to the use of mortar. Usually the strength of plastering mortar is not very high, generally using medium-strength grade cement can meet the requirements. The strength of plastering mortar should not exceed two strength grades of matrix material strength. The strength of plastering mortar is not lower than M15 when plastering interior and exterior walls of facing bricks, and the strength of middle plastering mortar is preferred to use cement plastering mortar. The M15 and M2D cement mortar should be used for window and balcony plastering. The cement strength grade used for cement mortar should not be greater than 32.5 grade, and the cement strength grade used for cement mixed mortar should not be greater than 42.5 grade. If the strength grade of cement is too high, shrinkage cracks will occur, and the cattle with cracks can be avoided by adding appropriate additives.

　　聚合物的种类和渗至在很大程度上决定了聚合物水泥砂浆的性能。改变了传统砂浆的技术经济性能。目前已开发出品种繁多、性能优异的各类聚合物砂浆。建筑石膏建筑石膏也称二水石膏，将天然二水石膏在件下加热可得建筑石青。建筑石膏与其他胶凝材料相比有以下特性:凝结硬化快。

　　The types and penetration of polymers largely determine the properties of polymer cement mortar. The technical and economic performance of traditional mortar has been changed. At present, various kinds of polymer mortars with various varieties and excellent properties have been developed. Building gypsum and building gypsum are also called dihydrate gypsum. Building gypsum can be obtained by heating natural dihydrate gypsum under parts. Compared with other cementitious materials, building gypsum has the following characteristics: fast setting and hardening.

　　建筑石膏在加水拌合后，浆体在几分钟内便开始失去可塑性.3min内完全失去可塑性而产生强度.凝结硬化时体积微型胀。石膏浆体在凝结硬化初期会产生微膨胀.这一性质使石膏制品的表面光滑、细腻、尺寸梢确、形体饱满、装饰性好。建筑装饰工程中很多装饰饰品、装饰线条都利用这一特性，广泛使用建筑石膏，孔隙率大与体积密度小。

　　After mixing with water, the plasticity of the slurry begins to lose within a few minutes. Within three minutes, the plasticity completely loses and the strength is produced. The volume of the slurry expands minimally when it solidifies. The slight expansion of gypsum paste occurs in the early stage of setting and hardening, which makes the surface of gypsum products smooth, delicate, accurate in size, full in shape and good in decoration. Many decorative ornaments and decorative lines in architectural decoration engineering take advantage of this characteristic, and widely use building gypsum, which has large porosity and small volume density.

　　建筑石膏在拌合水化时。在建筑石膏制品内部形成大橄的毛细孔隙，所以导热系数小，吸声性较好，属于轻质保温材料。具有一定的调温与调湿性能。由于石膏制品内部大量毛细孔隙对空气中的水蒸气具有较强的吸附能力，所以对室内的空气湿度有一定的调节作用，防火性好，耐水性、抗渗性、抗冻性差。细骨料配制砂浆的细骨料常用的是禾然砂。砂应符合混凝土用砂的技术性能要求。由于砂浆层较薄.砂的大粒径应有所限制，理论上不应超过砂浆层厚度的，宜选用中砂，大粒径不大于为宜。砂的粗细程度对砂浆的水泥用量、和易性、强度及收缩等影响很大。

　　When building gypsum is mixed and hydrated. The capillary pore of olive is formed in the interior of building gypsum products, so the thermal conductivity is small and the sound absorption is good. It belongs to the light thermal insulation material. It has certain performance of temperature and humidity regulation. Because a large number of capillary pores in gypsum products have strong adsorption capacity for water vapor in the air, it has a certain regulating effect on indoor air humidity, good fire resistance, poor water resistance, impermeability and frost resistance. The most commonly used fine aggregate for preparing mortar from fine aggregate is gramineous sand. Sand should meet the technical performance requirements of concrete sand. Because the mortar layer is thinner, the maximum particle size of sand should be limited. In theory, it should not exceed the thickness of the mortar layer. Medium sand should be selected, and the maximum particle size should not exceed. The coarseness of sand has a great influence on the cement content, workability, strength and shrinkage of mortar.