1. Waterproof mortar

防水砂浆是一种抗渗性高的砂浆。防水砂浆层又称刚性防水层，适用于不受震动和具有一定刚度的混凝土或砖石砌体的外表，关于变形较大或可能发作不平均沉陷的建筑物，都不宜采用刚性防水层。

Waterproof mortar is a kind of mortar with high impermeability. Waterproof mortar layer, also known as rigid waterproof layer, is suitable for the appearance of concrete or masonry masonry which is not subject to vibration and has certain stiffness. For buildings with large deformation or uneven settlement, it is not appropriate to use rigid waterproof layer.

防水砂浆按其组成可分为：多层抹面水泥砂浆、掺防水剂防水砂浆、收缩水泥防水砂浆和掺聚合物防水砂浆四类。

Waterproof mortar can be divided into four categories according to its composition: multi-layer coated cement mortar, waterproof mortar with waterproof agent, shrinkage cement waterproof mortar and polymer waterproof mortar.

常用的防水剂有氯化物金属盐类防水剂、水玻璃类防水剂和金属皂类防水剂等。

Commonly used waterproofing agents are chloride metal salt waterproofing agent, sodium silicate waterproofing agent and metal soap waterproofing agent.

防水砂浆的防渗效果在很大水平上取决于施工质量，因而施工时要严厉控制原资料质量和配合比。防水砂浆层普通分四层或五层施工，每层厚约5mm，每层在初凝前压实一遍，一层要停止压光。抹完后要增强养护，避免脱水过快形成干裂。总之刚性防水必需保证砂浆的密实性，对施工操作请求高，否则难以取得理想的防水效果。

The anti-seepage effect of waterproof mortar depends on the construction quality to a great extent, so the quality of raw materials and mix proportion should be strictly controlled during construction. Waterproof mortar layer is usually constructed in four or five layers, each layer is about 5mm thick, each layer is compacted once before initial setting, and the first layer should stop calendering. After wiping, the maintenance should be strengthened to avoid drying and cracking due to excessive dehydration. In short, rigid waterproofing must ensure the compactness of mortar and require high construction operation, otherwise it is difficult to achieve ideal waterproofing effect.

2.保温砂浆

2. Thermal insulation mortar

保温砂浆又称绝热砂浆，是采用水泥、石灰和石膏等胶凝资料与收缩珍珠岩或收缩蛭石、陶砂等轻质多孔骨料按一定比例配合制成的砂浆。贵州砂浆保温砂浆具有轻质、保温隔热、吸声等性能，其导热系数为0.07~0.10W/(m·K)，可用于屋面保温层、保温墙壁以及供热管道保温层等处。

Thermal insulation mortar, also known as adiabatic mortar, is a mortar made of cement, lime and gypsum and shrinkage perlite or shrinkage vermiculite, ceramics and other light porous aggregates in a certain proportion. Guizhou mortar thermal insulation mortar has the properties of light weight, thermal insulation, sound absorption and so on. Its thermal conductivity is 0.07-0.10W/(m.K). It can be used in roof thermal insulation layer, thermal insulation wall and thermal insulation layer of heating pipeline.

常用的保温砂浆有水泥收缩珍珠砂浆、水泥收缩蛭石砂浆和水泥石灰收缩蛭石砂浆等。随着国内节能减排工作的推进，涌现出众多新型墙体保温资料，其中EPS(聚苯乙烯)颗粒保温砂浆就是一种得到普遍应用的新型外保温砂浆，其采用分层抹灰的工艺，大厚度可达100mm，此砂浆保温、隔热、阻燃、耐久。

The commonly used thermal insulation mortars are cement shrinkage Pearl mortar, cement shrinkage vermiculite mortar and cement lime shrinkage vermiculite mortar. With the development of energy saving and emission reduction in China, many new wall insulation materials have emerged. EPS (polystyrene) granular insulation mortar is a new type of external insulation mortar which is widely used. It uses layered plastering technology, and its thickness can reach 100 mm. This mortar has the characteristics of thermal insulation, thermal insulation, flame retardant and durability.

3.吸声砂浆

3. Sound-absorbing mortar

普通绝热砂浆是由轻质多孔骨料制成的，都具有吸声性能。另外，也能够用水泥、石膏、砂、锯末按体积比为：1:1:3:5配制成吸声砂浆，或在石灰、石膏砂浆中掺入玻璃纤维和矿棉等松软纤维资料制成。吸声砂浆主要用于室内墙壁战争顶。

Ordinary adiabatic mortar is made of light porous aggregate and has sound absorption properties. In addition, it can also be made of cement, gypsum, sand and sawdust according to volume ratio: 1:1:3:5 to make sound-absorbing mortar, or mixed with soft fibers such as glass fiber and mineral wool in lime and gypsum mortar. Sound-absorbing mortar is mainly used for indoor wall war roof.

4.耐酸砂浆

4. Acid Resistant Mortar

用水玻璃(硅酸钠)与氟硅酸钠拌制成耐酸砂浆，有时也可掺入石英岩、花岗岩、铸石等粉状细骨料。水玻璃硬化后具有很好的耐酸性能。耐酸砂浆多用作衬砌资料、耐酸空中和耐酸容器的内壁防护层。

Sodium silicate and sodium fluosilicate are mixed to make acid-resistant mortar. Sometimes, fine aggregates such as quartzite, granite and cast stone can also be mixed. Water glass has good acid resistance after hardening. Acid-resistant mortar is mostly used as lining material, acid-resistant air and inner wall protective layer of acid-resistant container.

5.装饰砂浆

5. Decorative mortar

装饰砂浆是直接用于建筑物内表面面，以进步建筑物装饰艺术性为主要目的抹面砂浆。它是常用的装饰手腕之一。装饰砂浆的底层和中层抹灰与普通抹面砂浆根本相同，主要是装饰砂浆的面层，要选用具有一定颜色的胶凝资料和骨料以及采用某种特殊的操作工艺，使外表呈现出各种不同的颜色、线条与花纹等装饰效果。

Decorative mortar is a kind of plastering mortar which is directly used on the inner surface of buildings to improve the decorative art of buildings. It is one of the commonly used decorative wrists. The bottom and middle plastering of decorative mortar are basically the same as that of ordinary plastering mortar, mainly the surface layer of decorative mortar. Cementing materials and aggregates with a certain color and some special operation technology should be selected to make the appearance show various decorative effects such as different colors, lines and patterns.

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