抹面砂浆和抗裂砂浆都是适用于内外墙面的找平材料，它们都能用于墙面的基面处理，起到找平、保护、防侵蚀的作用。

　　Both plastering mortar and crack resistant mortar are leveling materials suitable for interior and exterior walls. They can be used for surface treatment of walls, playing a role in leveling, protection, and erosion prevention.

　　1.定义

　　1. Definition

　　用于涂抹建筑物或建筑物表面的砂浆，都叫抹面砂浆。根据抹面砂浆的功能不同，可分为普通抹面砂浆、装饰砂浆、防水砂浆、隔音砂浆等。对抹面砂浆的要求时需要具有良好的和易性，容易涂抹成均匀的薄层，便于基面施工。同时还需要提高粘结力，砂浆层应与基层粘结牢固，长期不开裂或者不脱落。在潮湿的环境中或者易受外力作用的区域(如地面和墙裙)，还需要有较高的耐水性和强度。

　　The mortar used to apply to buildings or building surfaces is called plastering mortar. According to the different functions of plastering mortar, it can be divided into ordinary plastering mortar, decorative mortar, waterproof mortar, soundproof mortar, etc. When it comes to the requirements for plastering mortar, it needs to have good workability, be easy to apply into a uniform thin layer, and facilitate the construction of the base surface. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the bonding strength. The mortar layer should be firmly bonded to the base layer without cracking or falling off for a long time. In damp environments or areas susceptible to external forces such as floors and wall skirts, high water resistance and strength are also required.

　　抹面砂浆一般是薄抹灰，而且抹面砂浆还有破板率的要求。成本比抗裂砂浆高，保温板的变形比较大，柔性相对好一些。

　　The plastering mortar is generally thin plastering, and there is a requirement for the breaking rate of the plastering mortar. The cost is higher than that of crack resistant mortar, the deformation of insulation board is relatively large, and the flexibility is relatively better.

　　2.特点

　　2. Characteristics

　　与砌筑砂浆相比，抹面砂浆具有以下特点：

　　Compared with masonry mortar, plastering mortar has the following characteristics:

　　①抹面层不承受荷载；

　　① The plastering layer does not bear any load;

　　②抹面层与基底层要有足够的粘结强度，使其在施工中或长期自重和环境作用下不脱落、不开裂；

　　② The plaster layer and the base layer should have sufficient bonding strength to prevent them from falling off or cracking during construction or under long-term self weight and environmental effects;

　　③抹面层多为薄层，并分层涂抹，面层要求平整、光洁、细致、美观；

　　③ The surface layer is mostly thin and applied layer by layer. The surface layer should be smooth, polished, delicate, and aesthetically pleasing;

　　④多用于干燥环境，大面积暴露在空气中。

　　④ Mostly used in dry environments and exposed to large areas of air.

　　3.作用

　　3. Function

　　抹面砂浆常分两层或三层进行施工：

　　The plastering mortar is often constructed in two or three layers:

　　（1）底层砂浆的作用是使砂浆与基层能牢固地粘结，  应有良好的保水性。

　　(1) The function of the bottom mortar is to ensure a strong bond between the mortar and the base layer, and it should have good water retention.

　　（2）中层主要是为了找平，有时可省去不做。

　　(2) The middle level is mainly for leveling, sometimes it can be omitted.

　　（3）面层主要为了获得平整、光洁地表面效果。

　　(3) The surface layer is mainly used to achieve a flat and smooth surface effect.

　　4.材料选择

　　4. Material selection

　　各层抹灰面的作用和要求不同，每层所选用的砂浆也不一样。同时，基底材料的特性和工程部位不同，对砂浆技术性能要求不同，这也是选择砂浆种类的主要依据。水泥砂浆宜用于潮湿或强度要求较高的部位；混合砂浆多用于室内底层或中层或面层抹灰；石灰砂浆、麻刀灰、纸筋灰多用于室内中层或面层抹灰。对混凝土基面多用水泥石灰混合砂浆。对于木板条基底及面层，多用纤维材料增加其抗拉强度，以防止开裂。

　　The functions and requirements of each plastering surface are different, and the mortar used for each layer is also different. At the same time, the characteristics of the base material and the different engineering parts require different technical performance requirements for mortar, which is also the main basis for selecting the type of mortar. Cement mortar is suitable for use in damp or areas with high strength requirements; Mixed mortar is commonly used for indoor bottom, middle, or surface plastering; Lime mortar, hemp knife ash, and paper reinforcement ash are commonly used for plastering indoor middle or surface layers. Cement lime mixed mortar is commonly used for concrete base surfaces. For the base and surface layer of wood batten, fiber materials shall be used to increase its tensile strength to prevent cracking.

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