其实在日常施工中，我们对砂浆的认识可能不是那么透彻，从而导致各种问题。如果我们对砂浆有足够的了解，或许可以避免很多问题。今天小编就来分析一下建材砂浆技术中的几个问题。

In fact, in daily construction, our understanding of mortar may not be so thorough, resulting in various problems. If we know enough about mortar, many problems may be avoided. Today, I will analyze several problems in the technology of building materials mortar.

1、抹面砂浆是用什么材料做的？它们通常用于什么？

1. What material is the plastering mortar made of? What are they commonly used for?

砂浆由无机胶凝材料、细骨料和水组成，有时还掺入一些外加剂。砂浆常用于砌筑（如砖、石、砌块）结构、建筑物内外表面（如墙壁、地板、天花板）的抹灰、大型墙板、砌筑墙体的接缝、装饰材料的粘接.结等。

The mortar is composed of inorganic cementitious materials, fine aggregate and water, and sometimes some admixtures are added. Mortar is commonly used in masonry (such as brick, stone, block) structures, plastering of internal and external surfaces of buildings (such as walls, floors, ceilings), large wall panels, joints of masonry walls, and bonding of decorative materials Knot, etc.

2、混合砂浆应具备哪些性能？

2. What properties should the mixed mortar have?

混合砂浆应具有以下性能：满足和易性要求；满足设计型式和强度等级要求；有足够的凝聚力。

The mixed mortar shall have the following properties: meet the workability requirements; Meet the design type and strength grade requirements; Have enough cohesion.

3、砌筑砂浆有哪些特性？砂浆和易性包括什么？

3. What are the characteristics of masonry mortar? What is the workability of mortar?

砌筑砂浆的性能包括砂浆的和易性、砂浆的强度和砂浆的凝聚力。砂浆和易性包括流动性和保水性。

The performance of masonry mortar includes the workability, strength and cohesion of mortar. Workability of mortar includes fluidity and water retention.

4、什么是砂浆的流动性，其影响因素有哪些？

4. What is the fluidity of mortar and what are the influencing factors?

砂浆的流动性又称稠度，是指在自重或外力作用下流动的表现，用“下沉度”表示。沉降度大，砂浆流动性大，但流动性过大，硬化后强度降低；流动性太小，施工操作不方便。

The fluidity of mortar, also known as consistency, refers to the performance of flow under the action of self weight or external force, which is expressed by "subsidence". The mortar with high sedimentation has high fluidity, but the fluidity is too high, and the strength decreases after hardening; The fluidity is too small and the construction operation is inconvenient.

砂浆的流动性与砌筑材料的种类、施工条件和气候条件有关。对于多孔吸水砌筑材料和干热天气，要求砂浆的流动性较大；相反，对于致密的不吸水材料和潮湿寒冷的天气，流动性要求要小一些。

The fluidity of mortar is related to the type of masonry materials, construction conditions and climatic conditions. For porous water absorbing masonry materials and dry and hot weather, the fluidity of mortar is required to be large; On the contrary, for dense non absorbent materials and wet and cold weather, the fluidity requirements are smaller.

5、砂浆的保水性是什么，砂浆的保水性是什么，有什么要求？

5. What is the water retention of mortar, what is the water retention of mortar, and what are the requirements?

新拌砂浆的保水能力称为保水性，保水性也指砂浆中的组成物质不易分离的性质。砂浆的保水性用“分层度”表示。分层度好在10-20mm之间，不宜大于30mm。分层度大于30mm的砂浆容易离析，施工不便；分层度接近于零的砂浆容易出现收缩裂缝。

The water holding capacity of fresh mortar is called water holding capacity, which also refers to the property that the constituent substances in the mortar are not easy to separate. The water retention of mortar is expressed by "layering degree". The layering degree is better between 10-20mm and should not be greater than 30mm. The mortar with a layering degree greater than 30mm is easy to separate and inconvenient for construction; The mortar with stratification close to zero is prone to shrinkage cracks.

6、影响砂浆强度的因素有哪些？

6. What are the factors that affect the strength of mortar?

影响砂浆强度的因素很多。实验表明，在原材料质量不变的情况下，砂浆的强度主要取决于水泥的强度等级和水泥用量。

There are many factors that affect the strength of mortar. The results show that the strength of mortar mainly depends on the strength grade of cement and the amount of cement when the quality of raw materials remains unchanged.

7、砌筑济南抹面砂浆的附着力有哪些影响？

7. What are the effects of the adhesion of masonry Jinan plastering mortar?

砌筑砂浆的粘结力随强度的增加而增加。砂浆强度等级越高，内聚力越大。砂浆的附着力与砌体的表面状态、清洁度、湿润度和施工维护条件有关。因此，砌筑前砖应浇水润湿，含水率应控制在10%～15%左右，表面不得沾土，以提高砂浆与砖的附着力。并确保砌筑质量。

The bond strength of masonry mortar increases with the increase of strength. The higher the strength grade of mortar, the greater the cohesion. The adhesion of mortar is related to the surface state, cleanliness, humidity and construction and maintenance conditions of masonry. Therefore, the bricks shall be watered before masonry, the moisture content shall be controlled at about 10% ~ 15%, and the surface shall not be stained with soil, so as to improve the adhesion between mortar and bricks. And ensure the masonry quality.

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