1. Gypsum powder for grouting

陶瓷消费中注浆成形的瓷种（种类）较多。日用陶瓷大件异型件、卫生陶瓷、理化瓷、陶瓷烧成用的一些窑具等都采用注浆成形消费。注浆成形主要请求石膏模型的吸水性能。普通采用普通β石膏粉或局部采用α与β按比例混合的石膏粉，细度普通为80目～120目。石膏和水的比例普通在(1.2～1.46):1。依据瓷种和消费工艺的不同，石膏和水的比例有所区别。例如日用陶瓷和理化瓷的小件注浆消费中，由于是常压成形且体积较小，对模型强度请求不高，主要强调模型的吸水性，故石膏和水的比例普通在1.2:1左右。这种模型的吸水率普通为45%～50%，干抗折强度在2.8～3.5Mpa 。而卫生陶瓷微压注浆成形消费和日用陶瓷的压力注浆消费中，普通体积较大，除了主要强调模型吸水性之外，还对模型的强度提出严厉的请求，故石膏和水的比例请求大些，普通在(1.35～1.5):1。这种模型的吸水率普通在35%～42%，干抗折强度在 3.8～4.5 Mpa。

There are many kinds of grouting ceramics in ceramic consumption. Grouting is used to form large abnormal parts of domestic ceramics, sanitary ceramics, physical and chemical ceramics, and some kilns for firing ceramics. The water absorption of gypsum model is the main requirement of grouting forming. Ordinary use of ordinary beta gypsum powder or local use of a and beta proportionally mixed gypsum powder, the fineness of ordinary 80 mesh to 120 mesh. The ratio of gypsum to water is (1.2-1.46): 1. The proportion of gypsum to water varies according to the type of porcelain and the consumption process. For example, in grouting consumption of daily-used ceramics and physicochemical ceramics, the ratio of gypsum to water is generally about 1.2:1, because of its atmospheric pressure forming and small volume and low requirement for model strength, which mainly emphasizes the water absorption of the model. The water absorption of this model is generally 45%-50%, and the dry flexural strength is 2.8-3.5 Mpa. In the consumption of micro-pressure grouting for sanitary ceramics and the consumption of pressure grouting for daily ceramics, the general volume is larger. Besides emphasizing the water absorption of the model, strict requests are also made for the strength of the model. Therefore, the ratio of gypsum to water is larger, generally in (1.35-1.5): 1. The water absorption of this model is generally 35%-42%, and the dry flexural strength is 3.8-4.5 Mpa.

2、滚压成形用石膏粉

2. Gypsum Powder for Rolling Forming

滚压成形是日用陶瓷主要的成形办法。其主要强调模型的强度，使模型接受较激烈的耐磨和抗冲击才能，同时也请求模型有一定的吸水性能和耐高温性能。运用的石膏粉主要是高强度α石膏粉。石膏和水的比例普通在(1.6～1.8):1，模型的吸水率普通在27%～31%。为了确保模型的强度和避免变形，依据石膏粉不同消费厂家、产品体积的大小和阴阳模成形工艺方式的不同，可微调石膏粉和水的比例，普通体积小的比例小些，在(1.6～1.7):1；体积大的比例高些，在(1.7～1.8):1，有的以至再高些到达2.0:1，这时模型的吸水率在22%～23%。

Rolling forming is the main forming method of domestic ceramics. It mainly emphasizes the strength of the model, so that the model can accept more intense wear resistance and impact resistance. At the same time, it also requests that the model has certain water absorption and high temperature resistance. The main gypsum powder used is high strength alpha gypsum powder. The ratio of gypsum to water is (1.6-1.8): 1, and the water absorption of the model is 27-31%. In order to ensure the strength and avoid deformation of the model, the proportion of plaster powder to water can be fine-tuned according to the different consumption factories of plaster powder, the volume of products and the forming process of Yin-Yang die. The proportion of plaster powder to water is smaller than that of ordinary volume, which is (1.6-1.7): 1; the proportion of large volume is higher, which is (1.7-1.8): 1, or even higher. When it reaches 2.0:1, the water absorption of the model is 22%-23%.

3、塑压成形用石膏粉

3. Gypsum Powder for Plastic Compression Forming

塑压成形是日用陶瓷一种特殊的成形工艺办法，也叫冷塑压成形。它是随着日用陶瓷行业异形件、大件的越来越多而开展起来的，特别适用于带浮雕图案的大件和异型件产品。关于滚压成形无法消费的种类，除了采用注浆成形办法外，就是采用这种塑压成形工艺方式。所运用的石膏粉也是高强α石膏粉。石膏和水的比例普通运用在(1.6～1.8):1，模型的吸水率普通在27%～31%。其主要强调模型的强度、耐磨性和有较低的收缩系数，同时也请求模型有一定的吸水性和透气性能。

Plastic compression forming is a special forming process for daily-use ceramics, also known as cold plastic compression forming. It is developed with more and more special-shaped and large parts in daily-use ceramics industry. It is especially suitable for large and special-shaped parts with relief patterns. As for the types of rolling forming that can not be consumed, besides grouting, this plastic forming process is adopted. The gypsum powder used is also high strength alpha gypsum powder. The ratio of gypsum to water is generally used in (1.6-1.8): 1. The water absorption rate of the model is usually 27-31%. It mainly emphasizes the strength, wear resistance and low shrinkage coefficient of the model. At the same time, it requests that the model has certain water absorption and air permeability.

4、母模用石膏粉

4. Gypsum powder for mother mould

也叫树脂石膏或K型粉，普通细度在250～300目。它是在α石膏粉中参加特殊的化学添加剂，或者在α石膏炒制加工过程中采用特殊的工艺，改善了高强α石膏粉的构造性质，构成特殊的高强石膏粉。这种石膏粉对吸水率不做请求，主要是请求强度高、硬度高、收缩率要低以及胎型外表要有较高的润滑度、光亮度。这种石膏粉的规范稠度需水量极低，消费中石膏和水的比例可到达（2.3～2.85）:1，凝固时间长，可搅拌10～15min不凝固，其干抗折强度可到达11.5Mpa。实践消费经历标明，在如此高的比例下石膏浆体的活动性能、凝结性能依然良好，工艺操作仍能正常顺利停止，且石膏的收缩率很小。但需求留意的是，此石膏在如此高的比例下，初凝、终凝距离的时间太短（仅仅在1min左右），一旦到初凝时间，马上会凝固，在操作时尤为留意。

Also known as resin gypsum or K-type powder, the general fineness of 250-300 mesh. It participates in special chemical additives in alpha gypsum powder, or adopts special technology in the process of alpha gypsum stir-frying, which improves the structural properties of high strength alpha gypsum powder and forms special high strength gypsum powder. This kind of gypsum powder does not request water absorption, mainly requests high strength, high hardness, low shrinkage and high lubricity and brightness of the tire appearance. The standard consistency of this kind of gypsum powder is very low. The ratio of gypsum to water in consumption can reach (2.3-2.85): 1. It can be stirred for 10-15 minutes without solidification, and its dry flexural strength can reach 11.5 Mpa. Practical consumption experience shows that the activity and condensation performance of gypsum paste are still good at such a high proportion, the process operation can still stop smoothly, and the shrinkage rate of gypsum is very small. But the need to note that the gypsum in such a high proportion, the initial setting, the final setting distance of the time is too short (only about 1 minute), once the initial setting time, will immediately solidify, especially in operation.

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